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Party History
At the start of the 21st Century, the Democratic Party can look
back on a proud history — a history not just of a political
organization but of a national vision. It is a vision based on the
strength and power of millions of economically empowered,
socially diverse and politically active Americans. Over two
hundred years ago, our Party's founders decided that wealth and
social status were not an entitlement to rule. They believed that
wisdom and compassion could be found within every individual
and a stable government must be built upon a broad popular
base.
The late Ron Brown — former Chairman of the Democratic Party — put it best when he wrote,
"The common thread of Democratic history, from Thomas Jefferson to Bill Clinton, has been
an abiding faith in the judgment of hardworking American families, and a commitment to
helping the excluded, the disenfranchised and the poor strengthen our nation by earning
themselves a piece of the American Dream. We remember that this great land was sculpted
by immigrants and slaves, their children and grandchildren."
Thomas Jefferson founded the Democratic Party in 1792 as a
congressional caucus to fight for the Bill of Rights and against the elitist
Federalist Party. In 1798, the "party of the common man" was officially
named the Democratic-Republican Party and in 1800 elected Jefferson
as the first Democratic President of the United States. Jefferson served
two distinguished terms and was followed by James Madison in 1808.
Madison strengthened America's armed forces — helping reaffirm
American independence by defeating the British in the War of 1812.
James Monroe was elected president in 1816 and led the nation
through a time commonly known as "The Era of Good Feeling" in which
Democratic-Republicans served with little
opposition.
The election of John Quincy Adams in 1824 was highly contested and
led to a four-way split among Democratic-Republicans. A result of the
split was the emergence of Andrew Jackson as a national leader. The
war hero, generally considered — along with Jefferson — one of the
founding fathers of the Democratic Party, organized his supporters to a
degree unprecedented in American history. The Jacksonian Democrats
created the national convention process, the party platform, and
reunified the Democratic Party with Jackson's victories in 1828 and
1832. The Party held its first National Convention in 1832 and
nominated President Jackson for his second term. In 1844, the National
Convention simplified the Party's name to the Democratic Party.
In 1848, the National Convention established the Democratic National Committee, now the
longest running political organization in the world. The Convention charged the DNC with the
responsibility of promoting "the Democratic cause" between the conventions and preparing
for the next convention.
As the 19th Century came to a close, the American electorate
changed more and more rapidly. The Democratic Party embraced the
immigrants who flooded into cities and industrial centers, built a
political base by bringing them into the American mainstream, and
helped create the most powerful economic engine in history.
Democratic Party leader William Jennings Bryan led a movement of
agrarian reformers and supported the right of women's suffrage, the
progressive graduated income tax and the direct election of Senators.
As America entered the 20th Century, the Democratic Party became
dominant in local urban politics.
In 1912, Woodrow Wilson became the first Democratic president of
the 20th Century. Wilson led the country through World War I, fought
for the League of Nations, established the Federal Reserve Board, and
passed the first labor and child welfare laws.
A generation later, Franklin Roosevelt was elected president running on
the promise of a New Deal. Roosevelt pulled America out of the
Depression by looking beyond the Democratic base and energizing
citizens around the belief that their government could actively assist them
in times of need. Roosevelt's New Deal brought water to California's
Central Valley, electrified Appalachia and saved farms across the Midwest.
The Civilian Conservation Corps, the WPA and Social Security all brought
Americans into the system, freeing us from fear, giving us a stake in the
future, making the nation stronger.
With the election of Harry Truman, Democrats began the fight to bring
down the final barriers of race and gender. Truman integrated the military
and oversaw the reconstruction of Europe by establishing the Marshall
Plan and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Truman's leadership
paved the way for civil rights leaders who followed.
In the 1960s, President John F. Kennedy challenged an optimistic
nation to build on its great history. Kennedy proclaimed a New
Frontier and dared Americans to put a man on the moon, created
the Peace Corps, and negotiated a treaty banning atmospheric
testing of nuclear weapons. Lyndon Johnson followed Kennedy's
lead and worked to pass the Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act.
Kennedy and Johnson worked together to end the practice of
segregation in many southern states. Following Kennedy's
assassination, Johnson declared a War on Poverty and formed a
series of Great Society programs, including the creation of
Medicare — ensuring that older Americans would receive quality
health care.
In 1976, Jimmy Carter was elected president, helping to restore
the nation's trust in government following the Watergate scandal. Among other things, Carter
negotiated the historic Camp David peace accords between Egypt and Israel.
In 1992, Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton was elected the 42nd President
of the United States. President Clinton ran on the promise of a New
Covenant for America's forgotten working families. After twelve years of
Republican presidents, America faced record budget deficits, high
unemployment, and increasing crime. President Clinton's policies put
people first and resulted in the longest period of economic expansion in
peacetime history. The Deficit Reduction Act of 1993 — passed by both
the House and Senate without a single Republican vote — put America
on the road to fiscal responsibility and led to the end of perennial budget
deficits. Having inherited a $290 billion deficit in 1992, President
Clinton's last budget was over $200 billion in surplus. The Clinton/Gore
Administration was responsible for reducing unemployment to its lowest
level in decades and reducing crime to its lowest levels in a generation.
In 1996, President Clinton became the first Democratic president
reelected since Roosevelt in 1936. In 1998, Democrats became the first party controlling the
White House to gain seats in Congress during the sixth year of a president's term since 1822.
In the 2000 elections, Democrats netted 4 additional Senate seats, one additional House
seat, and one additional gubernatorial seat. Vice President Al Gore won the popular vote for
President by more than 500,000 votes. In 2001, Democrats regained control of the Senate
under Majority Leader Tom Daschle, while Democrats swept to victory in races all across the
country, including races for Virginia Governor and Lt. Governor, New Jersey Governor, and 39
out of 42 major mayoral races including Los Angeles and Houston. While we have
accomplished a great deal — as a nation and a Party, we must continue to move forward in
the 21st Century. We must work to incorporate all Americans into the fabric of our nation.
The history of our next hundred years can be seen in the gorgeous mosaic of America, from
the wheat fields of Nebraska to the barrios of New York City, from the mountains of Colorado
to the rocky coast of Maine. The Democratic Party is America's last, best hope to bridge the
divisions of class, race, region, religion, ethnicity and sexual orientation. We will succeed if
we continue to govern by the same principles that have made America the greatest nation on
earth — the principles of strength, inclusion and opportunity. The Democratic Party is ready
to take advantage of the opportunities we have and meet the challenges we face.
STAY INFORMED
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